![]() Approximately 120 acres, Sub-divided into four virgates or eight oxgangs. Welsh political and administrative division, similar to English shires.Ī measurement of land in the Danelaw, equivalent to a hide. The amount of land that could be tilled in a year using a team of eight oxen. Member of a clerical group living according to a canon or rule. Small device scattered on the ground to injure and make any horses lameĪ law or body of laws of a church. The holder of land or house within a borough. Approximately 15 acres, similar to the Danelaw term Oxgang. Town with the right of self government granted by royal charter.Ī measure of land: The area that could be cultivated by a plough drawn by one ox in one year. He was also required to work on his lord’s land or to provide a service to his lord. A typical small holder would have 10-20 acres of land, often as separate strips in different fields. Middle ranking peasant, farming more land than a cottager but less than a villein. To prove you were a member of the clrgy, you’d be asked to read a passage from the bible – since of course the clergy all had to be able to read. Privilege enjoyed by members of the clergy, including tonsured clerks, placing them beyond the jurisdiction of secular courts this was the right which Henry II and Thomas Becket fought over so hard. In ecclesiastic terms, a benefice was a church office that returned revenue (ie a ‘living’ for a Rector or Vicar). Grant of land given to a member of the aristocracy, a Bishop, or a monastery, for limited or hereditary use in exchange for services. The Magnates were the few greatest Barons – those with over £1000 a year by and large. All Barons would be called Lord or something grander not all Lords would be a Baron. This isn’t a title so much as a description. Tenants in Chief – vassals who held land directly from the crown and served as a member of the King’s great council. The parliamentary act of attainting (‘corrupting the blood’) whereby the person guilty of treason loses all civil rights including the right to inherit or hold propertyĪ knight entitles to bear a banner of higher status than a bachelor, a young or junior knight Hence the double meaning of the word court. It comes to have a legal context of court but then in the early days the king’s court was just that – a place where law was made and justice executed. Meeting of feudal vassals with the King, and the edicts issued from it. ![]() Up until 1348, assarting was popular, after the Black Death pressure on land was of course much reduced. Often the tenant would have special privileges, to encouraged them to go and do the work. ![]() The term used to describe one who left religious orders, or who returned to a heresy having once renounced itĪn area of wasteland, often forest, which had been cleared and taken into cultivation. The landed estate of a royal prince, often accompanied by extensive legal privileges ![]() The word comes from the fact that the offender is said to be ‘in mercy’.Ī condemnation of heretics, similar in effect to major excommunication. It imposed the complete exclusion from Christian society. Right to appoint a clergyman to a vacant benefice, theorectical to make a recommendation to the Bishopįinancial penalty imposed by the King or his justices for various minor offences. The area of land that can be ploughed by one ox team in a day This is my best effort but there are far better ones available done by folk who find more time that – there’s one at NetSerf you can find by following this link. ![]()
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